LLM Engineering
The Delimiter Hypothesis: Does Prompt Format Actually Matter?
600 model calls across four frontier LLMs testing XML, Markdown, and JSON delimiters. Format usually does not matter. MiniMax M2.5 is the exception.
Blog
Insights on agentic AI, governance, and building production-grade systems for regulated industries.
AI GovernanceAgentic AI
GPAI Obligations for Engineering Teams Running Others' Models
The EU AI Act's GPAI chapter creates obligations that flow from foundation model providers to downstream teams. The chain of responsibility matters.
AI GovernanceRegulated Industries
Why the EU AI Act Applies to US AI Companies
The EU AI Act determines scope by market reach, not incorporation.
AI GovernanceLLM Engineering
Open-Source Article 12 Logging Infrastructure For The EU AI Act
An open-source audit logging library for the EU AI Act. What it does, what it deliberately does not, and why that gap matters more than the code.
AI GovernanceLLM Engineering
What to Log, How Long to Keep It, and How to Reconstruct: Article 12 for Engineers
Article 12 is the most technically demanding obligation in the EU AI Act. Given a decision ID from six months ago, can you reconstruct the full chain?
AI GovernanceLLM Engineering
Your Model Is in Production. Now What? Post-Market Monitoring Under Article 72
Most engineering teams treat deployment as the finish line. Article 72 makes it a starting point. Post-market monitoring is a legal obligation.
AI GovernanceRegulated Industries
You Need Demographic Data to Prove You're Not Biased: The GDPR-AI Act Tension
Article 10 requires bias testing across protected characteristics. GDPR Article 9 restricts the data you need. The tension has no clean fix.
AI GovernanceAgentic AI
In the Loop, On the Loop, Over the Loop: Designing Human Oversight for Production AI
Article 14 does not require that every output is manually reviewed. It requires that meaningful human control exists where risk justifies it.
AI GovernanceRegulated Industries
Compliance-as-Architecture: An Engineering Leader's Guide to the EU AI Act
The EU AI Act is an operational maturity test. For high-risk systems, most obligations are engineering obligations. Compliance is architecture.